Conceptual approaches to legal regulation of AI: international and Kazakhstani experience
Vol. 4 No. 50 (2025), Articles
Vol. 4 No. 50 (2025)

Conceptual approaches to legal regulation of AI: international and Kazakhstani experience

Articles
https://doi.org/10.64863/2312-4784/2025-3-50/74-89
Published 29.12.2025
  • Akylbek Kabzhanov
  • Aknur Zhakyp-Jean
  • Lyazzat Zhunusova
  • Inkar Zhuken
  • Aknur Kordasheva
Akylbek Kabzhanov
Aknur Zhakyp-Jean
Lyazzat Zhunusova
Inkar Zhuken
Aknur Kordasheva
PDF

Keywords

artificial intelligence
legal regulation
legal responsibility
information technology
legal uncertainty

Abstract

This article is devoted to the analysis of the conceptual foundations of the legal regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the light of global technological challenges. The leading international practices (EU, USA, China) and relevant aspects of the development of the legislative framework in the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered. The article identifies key problems and suggests ways to solve them, taking into account the priority of human rights, transparency and legal responsibility. In the context of the rapid development of digital technologies, the legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence (AI), including in the criminal law field, is becoming particularly relevant. The purpose of this study is to analyze the state and prospects of criminal law regulation of AI in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The paper examines the gaps in the current Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding the qualification of crimes committed with the participation of AI, as well as the problems of legal uncertainty regarding the distribution of responsibility between developers, users and AI systems. Based on a comparative legal analysis of foreign experience, including the AI Act project of the European Union, proposals have been formulated to adapt Kazakhstan's criminal legislation to digital challenges. Particular attention is paid to the lack of judicial practice in cases involving AI in Kazakhstan, the lack of technical expertise and the need for training. The author comes to the conclusion about the need for an integrated approach to the modernization of criminal law: the normative consolidation of new types of crimes, the creation of an institution of responsibility for autonomous actions of AI, the development of a methodological base and judicial practice. The research is applied in nature and can be useful for law developers, law enforcement officers, as well as teachers and students of law specialties.

https://doi.org/10.64863/2312-4784/2025-3-50/74-89
PDF

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