Keywords
«Buiratau»
monitoring
biodiversity
Oxyura leucocephala
avifauna
monitoring
biodiversity
Oxyura leucocephala
avifauna
Abstract
The White-headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala) is a rare and endangered diving duck species listed in the IUCN Red List and the Red Data Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The degradation of wetlands, instability of the hydrological regime, and increasing anthropogenic pressure make it essential to study the species’ current habitats and assess population status in detail. The aim of this study is to characterize the occurrence of the White-headed Duck within the Buyratau State National Nature Park (SNNP), determine its abundance, spatial distribution, and breeding success. Field surveys were conducted at Lakes Sasykkol and Azhybai during 2023–2025 using point and transect counts, visual observations, and photo documentation. Additional data from open sources, including GBIF and eBird, were analyzed to refine temporal records and assess population trends. The first records of the species within the park date back to 2016. Six individuals were recorded in 2023, twelve in 2024, and in 2025 females with broods were observed, confirming successful breeding and favorable habitat conditions. The species prefers shallow lakes with well-developed reed and cattail vegetation, providing cover and feeding areas. A low level of recreational activity, limited grazing, and the absence of intensive shoreline development contribute to the preservation of key habitats. Maintaining the natural hydrological regime, conducting regular monitoring, and applying GIS technologies to identify potentially suitable wetlands are priority directions for future research. The findings highlight the important role of Buyratau SNNP in maintaining the stability of the White-headed Duck population at the northern edge of its range.
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